Motive-fluid drill.



No. 684,325. Patented Oct. 8, 190|. H. H. VAUGHAN &. C. H. JUHNSGH.

MOTIVE FLUID DRILL.

(Application med July ao, 1900.).

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(N0 Model.)

N0. 684,325. A Patented 061:. 8, |90I.

H. H. VAUGHAH & C. H. JUHNSON.

MUTIVE FLUID DRILL.

(Application lod July 80, LIB OO.)

(No Modal.) 3 Sheets-Shut 2.

H0. 684,325. Patented Oct. 8, |90I. H. H. VAUGHAH & C. H. JOHNSON.

MOTIVE FLUID DRILL.

(Applicntion lld July 30, 1900.) (In Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY Il. VAUGIIAN, OF CHICAGO, AND CHARLES HARRIS JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS.

MOTlVE-FLUID VDRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 684,325, dated october s, 1901.

Application filed J'nly 30,l 1900.

To LZ/ whom it indy con/007%:

Be it known that we, HENRY H. VAGHAN, residing at Chicago, and CHARLES HARRIS JOHNSON, residing at Chicago Heights, in the county of Cook, State of Illinois, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motive-Fluid Drills; and we hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure l is a plan view of a drill embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a part cross-section on the line A A, Fig. 1, and a part crosssection on the line B B, Fig. l, of the drill shown in plan View, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is acrosssectional view of the drill on the line C C, Fig. 1, parts omitted for sake of clearness. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line D D, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a part cross-section on the line Y Y, Fig. 2, and a part cross-section on the line Z Z, Fig. 2, the main drill-spindle being omitted. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view on the line X X, Fig. 2, parts omitted and the ports leading to reversingvalve shown in dotted lines. Fig. 7 is a detached view ofthe socket end of the drill-tool. Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams illustrating the relation of the ports or passages of the reversing-valve.

Like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur.

Our inventionrelates to the construction of inotive-iiuid-operated drills, and has for its objects the dispensing with the usual valves for controlling the supply and exhaust of the cylinders, the increase of the driving power, and the multiplication of the drillspindles operated thereby Without materially enlarging the proportions of the'drill, and, generally, the production of a compact and efficient motive-fluid drill adapted for use close to walls, in corners, and in like confined places.

We will first generally describe our preferred construction as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and will thereafter particularly point out in the claims which 4follow the combinations and arrangements which embody our invention.

In the drawings, A indicates a suitable casing wherein are formed or assembled a pluseriai No. 25,272. (no mba-1.5

rality of cylinders inr parallel relation, the number in the present instance being four, indicated, respectively, by the symbols l 2 3 4. The case A is closed at one end by a detachable cap A', having on its interior crankshaft bearings a o., so that the cranks, pitmen, and cylinder pistons are removable with the casing-cap A to facilitate assembling of the parts, dismantling of the drill, replacement, and repair. The crank-shaft bearings d a on the interior of t-he cap A will be positioned properly for the reception of the crank-shafts, which in the present instance are two in number, with each of which shafts two pitmen from the respective pistons of two cylinders are connected, the cranks on each shaft being opposite each other and at right angles to the cranks on the other shaft. In addition to the bearings a ct for the crank-shafts (see Figs. 3 and 1) the cap A is also provided on its interior with a bearing a, intermediate of the crank-shaft bearings, for the support of an intermediate driven shaft 5, which, as will hereinafter appear, also serves as a drill-spindle.

6 6 indicate the crank-shafts, journaled in the bearings a a. of the casing-cap A', and 7 7 the pitmen, which connect the pistons 8 of.

the respective cylinders therewith, each pit, man being connected with its piston by a suitable wrist-pin 7'a and held in position on the crank-pins of crank-shaft 6 by means of disks 9, let into the walls of cap A', the upper of which as to both cranks can be in the form of an oil-cup (see Figs. 3 to 9) to insure proper lubrication of the bearings.

On each of the crank-shafts 6, intermediate of the cranks and preferably formed integral with the shafts, is a pinion 6, which meshes with a pinion or gear-wheel 5 on the intermediate driven shaft 5, and said intermediate shaft has a second gear-Wheel or pinion 5b, which in turn meshes with the mastergear lOa of the main drill-spindle 10. The lower end of intermediate shaft 5 (see Fig. 4) is provided with a square or polygonal socket 5 for the reception of a tool and with a chuck 5d for holding the tool in position. By preference the chuck 5d on intermediate shaft (and also the chuck of the main drill-spindle 10) is in the form of a rotating collar, having an elongated slot in its lower end for the passage of Wings or flanges t on the upper end or stem of the tool (see Fig.` 7) and. an elongated slot s and set-screw s (see Fig. 3) for securing the chuck and limiting the extent of its rotation and in addition thereto an included springs2 (see Fig. 2) to prevent the rotation of the chuck unless force is applied to turn it. In practice the tool, Fig. 7, is inserted in the socket until its Wings t pass through the oblong slot in the end ot' the chuck, whereupon the chuck is turned slightly, and being fastened bymeans of the set-screw secures the tool in its spindle.

10 indicates the main drill-spindle, (see Figs. 2, 4, and 6,) located intermediate of the cylinders 1, 2, 3, and 4 and provided with the master-Wheel 10a, which meshes with the pin"- ion 5b on the intermediate shaft and spindle 5. The lower end of main spindle 10, which may be integral with the master-wheel 10, (see Fig. 4,) will have a tool-socket 10b and chuck 10C, which may be in all respects similar to that of the intermediate shaft 5, hereinbefore described, and the master-wheel 10 will have. a race 10d on its upper face corresponding to a similar race on the bearing, between which will be antifriction-balls, constituting an antifriction-bearing on the casing A'for the master-wheel and main spindle. The lower end of the casing A, constituting the m aster-wheel chamber, is closed by means of anend cap A2, through which project the lower ends of main spindle 10 and intermediate shaft and spindle 5. Y

11 indicates the chamber of the reversingvalve, (see Figs. 4, 5, and 6,) also located intermediate of the cylinders and in line with the main drill-spindle 10 and the intermediate shaft and drill-spindle 5, with which chamber are connected a series of ports or passages leading i" rom and to the respective cylinders, the connections between which ports or passages are established through and controlled by the reversing-valve 12.

13 indicates the motive-fiuid-supply pipe,

(see Fig. 4,) which will be provided with a suitable throttle-valve and which delivers int-o the motive-luid-supply chamber 14, (see Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5,) located within the casing A intermediate of the cylinders.

The general plan and arrangement of the cylinders 1 2 3 4and their supply and exhaust ports is such that the working piston'of one cylinder controls the supply and exhaust of another cylinder and has its supply and exhaust in turn controlled by the working piston of some other cylinder ofthe series. To this end each cylinder .of the series is provided at one end with 'the usual supply and exhaustport la (see Figs. 3, 5, and 6) and a passage leading therefrom to the chamber 1l ofthe reversing-valve 12, and from opposite points in said reversing-chamber V1l a correspo'nding passage leads to a port 2a in'a companion cylinder, which latter port is controlled by thepiston of saidsecond cylinder. Each cylinder is also provided with a port 3, (see Fig. 2,) communicating with the motive-fluid Y supply chamber 14, and an exhaust-port 4, leading to the atmosphere, (see Fig. 2,) and said several ports may be in the same plane. and so located as to be covered at all times by the piston of the cylinder.

S 8 indicate the cylinder-pistons, each of which is provided with two chambers 8fL Sb, Y

occupying different portions of the piston, the first, 8, arranged to open and maintain communication between supply-port 3@ and port 2 during a certain portion of the travel Soif of the piston, and the second chamber 8" ar- Y ranged to connect said port 2fl with the exhaust-port 4? during a certain other portion of the travel of the piston. As a result of said arrangement of ports and chambers in the piston it will be seen that each pistonV constitutes a valve which controls the supply and exhaust ports of a cylinder other j than its own. In order to balance the piston against lateral pressure incident to the location of supply or pressure port 3 and passage 8?, a passage or port 8 of equal area (see Fig. 2) is formed on the opposite-side of the piston 8, and the same communicates with Y IOC) the cylinders converge to the valve-chamber 11, and the passages leading therefrom to the ports 1a diverge to the respective cylinders, and by reference to Fig. 5 (which is Aa horizontal section on parts of two different-planes) it will also be noted that the passages leading from the pair of cylinders on the one side open vertically one above the other, but-at a certain distance apart in a vertical direction, and the two sets of ports open into valvechamber 1l at a position approximately fortyiive degrees on each side of a center line drawn through the axis of chamberll and the axis of the intermediate shaft or drill-spindle Yno Y iigY 5. l2 indicates the reversing-valve,which is located in said chamber 1l and controls the relative connection of the passages 1a 2, leading from the cylinders7 to the said chamber-of the reversing Valve.

n This valve, which isV preferably of the plug type, (see Fig. 4,) isl provided with two sets of passages 12a and 12b, Y

the first of which, 12a, pass directly through the valve from side to side, and the others,12 b, pass through the valve ina plane at right angles to the plane of the first-named passages, but instead of passing in a plane at right angles to the axis of the valve the passages dip so that each port y12b opens on the wall of the valve 12 at the same level as one of the ports 12a and at the opposite point on the level `of Y. the other port 12a, the vertical distance beI tween the ports 12a l2a being equalto the vertical distance between the ports 1 1LV and 2 Y 2, which lead from the cylinders to the valvechamber 11. The valve 12 being in position in the valve-chamber 11, its four ports or passages will connect the four passages or ports 1 of the cylinders with the four ports or passages 2a of said cylinders, and the position of the plug-passages 12 12b will determine the character of the connection and the direction of rotation. In order to more graphically illustrate the connection of the ports 1a 22L of the cylinders where they enter valve-chamber 11 with each other andl with the valve 12 and its ports 12a 12b, diagrams, Figs. 8 and 9, have been introduced into the drawings, the diagram Fig. 8 illustrating the relation of the valve and ports when the motor is working in the direction of the arrow, Fig.l 6, and diagram Fig. 9 illustrating the relation of the valve and ports when the motor is reversed. In the diagrams Figs. 8 and 9 the symbols F F2 F3 F4 indicate the points where the passages leading from the ports 1a of the respective cylinders 1, 2, 3, and 4 enter the valvechamber, and the symbols H' H2 H3 HL indicate the points where the passages leading from the ports 2a of the respective cylinders 1 2 3 4 enter the valve-chamber, while the broken lines indicate how the said ports are connected by the position of the valve 12. By a comparison of Figs. 3 and 6 of the drawings, the iirst of which is a vertical section on the line c c, Fig. 1, and the second a hori- Zontal section on the line a; Fig. 2, it will be seen that the pistons of cylinders 1 and 3 are coupled to one crank-shaft, and the pistons of cylinders 2 and 4 are coupled to another crank-shaft, the cranks of said shafts being opposite on the saine shaft and at right angles on the opposite shaft.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 3, and 6 and bearing in mind the relation of the ports of the several cylinders, as illustrated by the diagram Fig. 8, also assuming that the motor is working in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 6, it will be seen that as the piston of cylinder 2 moves backward communication will be established by the chamber Sb of said piston between the exhaust-port 4a and the port 2a in the cylinder of said piston, and this establishes communication between the back end of cylinder 1 and said exhaust-port, (on the diagram Fig. S from H2 to F,) and this communication is kept open until the crank of said piston has moved one hundred and eighty degrees, by which time the piston of cylinder 1 has made one complete backward stroke and is at the back end of the cylinder. The piston of cylinder 2 then moves farther forward and establishes communication, by means of the chamber S of said piston, between the ports 2a and 3a of said cylinder 2, and this admits the pressure from pressure-chamber 14 through ports 3 2CL of cylinder 2 and 1a of cylinder 1, back of the piston of said cylinder 1. This admission of pressure back of the piston of cylinder 1 is continued until the piston of cylinder 2 has y returned to the position shown in Fig. 6, when the pressure is shut off and the exhaust again opened, as previously noted.

By again referring to diagram Fig. 8 and following out the above-noted operation with each cylinder it will be seen that the piston of cylinder l controls the piston of cylinder 4, (diagram Fig. 8, H to F4,) the piston of cylinder 4 controls the piston of cylinder 3, (diagram Fig. 8, H4 to Fig) the piston of cylinder 3 controls the piston of cylinder 2, (diagram Fig. 8, H3 to F2,) and the piston of cylinder 2 controls the piston of cylinder v1, (H2 to F',) as before set forth.

In order to reverse the motor, the reversing-valve is rotated through ninety degrees, (see Fig. 5,) when the relation of the passages connecting the ports 1EL 2 will be changed from the illustration given in diagram Fig. 8 to that given in diagram Fig. 9, in which the piston of cylinder l controls the piston of cylinder 2, (diagram Fig. 9, H to F2) the pis-- ton of cylinder 2 controls the piston of cylinder 3, (diagram Fig. 9, H2 to Fi) the piston of cylinder 3 controls the piston of cylinder 4, (diagram Fig. 9, H3 to F4,) and the piston of cylinder 4 controls the piston of cylinder 1, (diagram Fig. 9, H4 to F.)

The arrangement and operation of the motor being such as before pointed out, the power will be transmitted from the pinions 6a 6a of the crank-shafts 6 6 through the intermediate pinion 5a to the intermediate shaft and drill-spindle 5 and thence by pinion 5b to master-gear 10 and main drill-spindle 10.

It will be noted that by so constructing the working cylinders and pistons that one shall control the supply and exhaust of another of the series separate Valves are dispensed with and a more compact machine of less dimensions is obtained without loss of power and with an increased number of drill-spindles better located for working in corners, angles, and confined spaces.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a fluid-pressure motor, the combination of a plurality of cylinders arranged around a common center, each cylinder having a port at one end and also a plurality of ports located within the travel of its piston, one of said latter ports of each cylinder connected by a suitable passage with the end port of another cylinder of the series, a reversing valve interposed in the passages which connect the several cylinders, and a piston for each cylinder of the series said piston having ports or passages adapted to establish communicationbetween the plural ports of the cylinder located within its travel, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In a fluid-pressure motor the combination with a cylinder having a supply-passage leading thereto, a supplypassage leading therefrom, and a pressure-port, the two lat- IOO IIO

IZO

ter so located as to` be covered by the piston during its Working stroke, of a piston having a port or passage adapted to establish cornrnunication between the pressure-port and the supply-passage leading from said cylinder and opposite thereto a port in the piston adapted to balance the lateral pressure on the piston; `substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a Huid-motor, the combination of four cylinders arranged in parallel relation around a common center, each of said cylinders having ports so located as to be covered by its piston during its Working stroke, passages Which connect the several cylinders with each other, a reversing-valve interposed in said connecting-passages, pistons for the "respective `cylinders, and a series of cranksWit-h which said pistons are connected said'cranks set at right angles to each other, substantially as-and for the purposes specified.

4. In a fluid-pressure motor, the combination of four cylinders arranged around a common center, each cylinder having a port at one end, and apassage leadingtherefrom to a valve-chamber, each-of said cylinders hat/"-V n Y ing also a plurality of ports vlocatedwithin the travel of its piston, a passage lleadin gffrom one of said latter ports of each cylinderto said valve-chamber, the passages leading from one pair of said cylinders opening into the valve-chamber above each other in theY same plane but at substantially right-angles tothe passages leading fromthe other'pair of cylinders, a Valve having two setso'ffports tending diagonally through 'the valvefand a piston for each cylinder said piston yhaving ports adapted to establish communication'beL tween the plural ports of its cylinder, sub stantially as and forthe purposes specied.

JS. therethrough in planes at right angles,rone otY Y said sets of valve-passages dipping or fex- Y f In testimony whereof we -a'fx our signa#n 

